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Battle of Wilton
The Battle of Wilton was a battle of the civil war in England known as The Anarchy. It was fought on 1 July 1143〔Davis, p.72; Crouch, p.207; Barlow, p.179.〕 〔The date is from Gervase of Canterbury (Davis, p.72n; Crouch, p.207), but Gervase only began writing his chronicle around 1188 (Davis, p.148). The contemporary chronicle ''Gesta Stephani'' dates the battle as being after the siege of Oxford Castle (Davis, p.72n), which ended in December 1142 (Davis, p.69; Crouch, p.203; Bradbury, p.123).〕 at Wilton in Wiltshire. An army under King Stephen was stationed at Wilton Abbey, where it was attacked by an army led by Robert Earl of Gloucester. Although King Stephen's army was defeated, the king himself escaped capture.
==Background==
On 1 January 1127, King Henry I of England designated his daughter, the Empress Matilda, as heir to the throne.〔Crouch, p.25; Barlow, p.159; Bradbury, p.12; Poole, p.131.〕 However, when Henry died in 1135, his nephew Stephen of Blois crossed the Channel from Boulogne to England and claimed the throne.〔Davis, p.16; Bradbury, p.15.〕 He quickly gained the support of London's magnates and the church, and seized control of the treasury at Winchester.〔Davis, p.16; Barlow, p.163; Bradbury, p.16-18; Poole, p.132-133.〕 He was crowned king on 22 December 1135.〔Davis, p.16; Barlow, p.163; Poole, p.133.〕
By 1138, Matilda had gathered enough support to challenge Stephen for the throne.〔Davis, p.35; Crouch, p.76-77; Barlow, p.159; Bradbury, p.26; Poole, p.135.〕 Her supporters were led by her half-brother Robert Earl of Gloucester.〔Davis, p.34; Crouch, p.215; Bradbury, p.43.〕
The ensuing civil war lasted until 6 November 1153〔Davis, p.118; Crouch, p.272; Poole, p.165.〕 when, by the Treaty of Wallingford, Stephen recognised Matilda's son Henry as heir to the throne.〔Davis, p.118-119; Crouch, p.273; Bradbury, p.167-169; Poole, p.165; Matthew, p.213.〕
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